1 Corinthians 10:23
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Corinthians 10:23
23 All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not.
Chapter Context
1 Corinthians 10 is a pastoral epistle chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of redemption, obedience, discipleship. Written during Paul's third missionary journey (c. 55 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The church existed in a prosperous, cosmopolitan, morally permissive Roman colony.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-33: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it provides guidance for worship and spiritual devotion. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Corinthians and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Corinthians 10:23
23 All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not.
Analysis
All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not—Paul quotes (and qualifies) a Corinthian slogan. All things are lawful (panta exestin, πάντα ἔξεστιν) likely reflects their claim to Christian freedom—we're not under law but grace; therefore, all things are permissible. Paul used similar language (6:12) and doesn't entirely reject it—Christians do have freedom in Christ.
However, he adds crucial qualifications: but all things are not expedient (sympherei, συμφέρει, "beneficial/advantageous/helpful"). Freedom exists within love's constraints—what's technically permissible may not be beneficial for you or others. The second qualification—but all things edify not (oikdomei, οἰκοδομεῖ, "build up")—introduces corporate concern. Christian freedom must serve communal edification, building up the body rather than gratifying self.
This verse transitions from theological argument (vv. 14-22) to practical ethics (vv. 23-30). Even if eating idol-food were theoretically permissible (which Paul has argued it's not when done at idol temples), the principles of benefit and edification would still apply. Christian liberty isn't license to do whatever you want; it's freedom to serve love's demands, which often means self-limitation for others' sake.
Historical Context
Corinth's culture prized personal autonomy and individual rights. The church absorbed this, claiming freedom in Christ justified attending temple banquets, consorting with prostitutes (6:12-20), and disregarding weaker believers' consciences. Paul redefines freedom: it exists not for self-gratification but for loving service that builds up the community. True freedom considers impact on others, not just individual rights.
Reflection
- What "lawful" freedoms might you need to limit for the sake of what's beneficial or edifying?
- How can you distinguish between legitimate Christian liberty and selfish license?
- In what areas does modern individualism tempt you to prioritize personal rights over communal edification?
Cross-References
- Word: 1 Corinthians 6:12
- Parallel theme: 1 Corinthians 8:9, 14:12, 14:17, 14:26, Romans 14:15, Ephesians 4:29